Optical design of low-location illumination based on asymmetric double freeform surfaces.

The development of optical optics for low-location road lighting is a challenging problem in providing high luminance and uniformity of illumination and meeting many other specific requirements. This study proposes an optical design method of low-location illumination based on an asymmetric double freeform surface lens. The ray emitted from the light source is refracted and reflected through the different surface types to the corresponding area of the receiving surface. In the design example, the road has dual-side mounted luminaires and a width of 6 m, and a height of 0.8 m. Simulation results indicate that, compared with conventional high-pole streetlights, the luminance uniformity had increased from 0.60 to 0.66, the illuminance uniformity had improved from 0.75 to 0.86, and the glare had been reduced.

Intra-arterial microguidewire electrocoagulation to treat intracranial vascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of intra-arterial microguidewire electrocoagulation on intracranial vascular diseases. METHODS: Data from 10 patients with cerebral aneurysms between May 2018 and September 2022 were analysed. Patients were treated with endovascular coil embolisation and microguidewire electrocoagulation. XperCT scans were conducted to identify new intracranial haemorrhage, infarction and hydrocephalus. Follow-up examinations were conducted 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge. RESULTS: After the patients received electrocoagulation for different durations, Raymond Grade 1 embolisation was achieved in all 10 patients. No complications, such as haemorrhage, infarction or hydrocephalus, were found during or after surgery. Ten patients were followed up for 6-12 months, and none had any symptoms or new neurological dysfunction 1 month after their operation. Among them, nine were followed up for 12 months, and digital subtraction angiography showed no recurrence of aneurysms or occlusion of parent arteries. CONCLUSION: Intra-arterial microguidewire electrocoagulation can be used as a supplementary treatment for cerebral aneurysms. In cases of incomplete lesion embolisation and cases where tamponade treatment cannot continue, immediate thrombosis may occur. Thus, intra-arterial microguidewire electrocoagulation can help achieve patients' treatment goals.

Design of a high-power collimating optical system based on Fresnel lenses.

In light-emitting diode (LED) illumination (e.g., LED maritime lighting for ships), creating a uniform light environment for optical systems is an important challenge. In this study, we present a high-power collimating system based on Fresnel lenses, which allows high-brightness LED illumination in the earlier-mentioned remote distance. The work presented in this article focuses on improving the power, compacting the optical structure, and promoting the brightness of the spot. To prove the claims, the system with a total power of 1 kW is designed. The system consists of a 27 W LED array, a freeform surface lens array, and a confocal Fresnel lens array. In comparison with the traditional optical system, the optical structure shortens from 390 to 120 mm, and the divergent angle decreases from 3° to 2 ° $$ {}^{{}^{\circ}} $$ . Meanwhile, the illuminance of the system is obtained as high as 230 lx at the near field of 200 m and 3.0 lx at the far field of 1.5 nautical miles. This new method provides a practical and effective way to solve the problem of low power, insufficient illuminance, and long optical structure for LED array illumination, which is suitable for remote illumination and guidance of ships.

Spatiotemporal Investigation of Intercellular Heterogeneity via Multiple Photocaged Probes.

Intercellular heterogeneity occurs widely under both normal physiological environments and abnormal disease-causing conditions. Several attempts to couple spatiotemporal information to cell states in a microenvironment were performed to decipher the cause and effect of heterogeneity. Furthermore, spatiotemporal manipulation can be achieved with the use of photocaged/photoactivatable molecules. Here, we provide a platform to spatiotemporally analyze differential protein expression in neighboring cells by multiple photocaged probes coupled with homemade photomasks. We successfully established intercellular heterogeneity (photoactivable ROS trigger) and mapped the targets (directly ROS-affected cells) and bystanders (surrounding cells), which were further characterized by total proteomic and cysteinomic analysis. Different protein profiles were shown between bystanders and target cells in both total proteome and cysteinome. Our strategy should expand the toolkit of spatiotemporal mapping for elucidating intercellular heterogeneity.

Case report: emergent endovascular treatment for carotid cavernous fistulas presenting as intracranial hemorrhage.

Objectives: This study aimed to discuss the clinical characteristics and emergent endovascular treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas presenting as intracranial hemorrhage. Methods: The clinical data of five patients with carotid cavernous fistulas, who presented with intracranial hemorrhage and who were admitted from January 2010 to April 2017, were analyzed retrospectively, and the diagnoses were confirmed by head computed tomography. Digital subtraction angiography was carried out in all the patients for the diagnosis and further emergent endovascular procedures. All patients were followed up to assess the clinical outcomes. Results: In total, five patients harbored five mono-lateral lesions; two of them were obliterated by detachable balloons, two by detachable coils, and one by detachable coils and Onyx glue. Only one patient was cured by another detachable balloon in the second session, and the other four patients were cured in the first session. At the 3- to 10-year follow-up, there was no intracranial re-hemorrhage in any of the patients; there was no recurrence of symptoms; and delayed occlusion of the parent artery was noted in one case. Conclusion: Emergent endovascular therapy is indicated for carotid cavernous fistulas presenting as intracranial hemorrhage. Individualized treatment according to the characteristics of different lesions is safe and effective.

Reassessment of QTLs for late blight resistance in the tomato accession L3708 using a restriction site associated DNA (RAD) linkage map and highly aggressive isolates of Phytophthora infestans.

Tomato late blight caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a major threat to tomato production in cool and wet environments. Intensified outbreaks of late blight have been observed globally from the 1980s, and are associated with migration of new and more aggressive populations of P. infestans in the field. The objective of this study was to reassess late blight resistance in the wild tomato accession L3708 (Solanum pimpinellifolium L.) against pathogens of different aggressiveness. An F2:3 genetic mapping population was developed using L3708 as the paternal parent. Two isolates of P. infestans, Pi39A and Pi733, were used for inoculation. Pi733 is a highly aggressive genotype that defeats three known late blight resistance genes, Ph-1, Ph-2, and Ph-5t in tomato. In contrast, Pi39A is a less aggressive genotype that defeats only Ph-1. Restriction site Associated DNA Sequencing (RAD-Seq) technology was used to massively sequence 90 bp nucleotides adjacent to both sides of PstI restriction enzyme cutting sites in the genome for all individuals in the genetic mapping population. The RAD-seq data were used to construct a genetic linkage map containing 440 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified a new disease-resistant QTL specific to Pi733 on chromosome 2. The Ph-3 gene located on chromosome 9 could be detected whichever isolates were used. This study demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of RAD-Seq technology for conducting a QTL mapping experiment using an F2:3 mapping population, which allowed the identification of a new late blight resistant QTL in tomato.